Copper (Serum)
A blood test that measures total copper levels in serum to evaluate copper deficiency, toxicity, and disorders of copper metabolism.
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LevelPanel has no business or affiliate relationship with Quest or LabCorp. These links are provided as a public service.
Lab testing services linked from this site are not available to residents of Alaska, Arizona, or Hawaii, unless otherwise noted on the lab's own website.
This publication is not intended to solicit the purchase of laboratory testing from any individual consumer.
What this test measures
This test measures the total amount of copper in blood serum. The majority of circulating copper is bound to ceruloplasmin, a transport protein produced by the liver, with a smaller fraction loosely bound to albumin and amino acids. Copper is a trace mineral involved in a surprisingly broad range of bodily functions: it contributes to the formation of melanin (skin pigment), the production of connective tissue and bone, iron metabolism, nervous system function, and antioxidant defense.
Copper levels can be influenced by factors beyond dietary intake. Ceruloplasmin is an acute-phase reactant, meaning its production rises during inflammation, infection, and pregnancy, which can elevate total serum copper even when functional copper status has not changed. Estrogen-containing medications (including oral contraceptives) can produce the same effect. Both copper deficiency (which can cause anemia and neurological problems) and copper toxicity (which can damage the liver) are clinically significant, making this test useful for evaluating both ends of the spectrum.
Who should consider this test
You might consider this test if you are experiencing any of the following:
- Individuals with symptoms of copper deficiency, including anemia, fatigue, muscle weakness, or neurological problems may benefit from testing.
- Those with suspected Wilson's disease, a rare genetic disorder where copper accumulates in the liver, brain, and other organs.
- Individuals with Menkes disease or other rare copper transport disorders that may be present in their family history.
- People receiving long-term parenteral or enteral nutrition, as copper deficiency can develop with inadequate supplementation.
- Those with malabsorption disorders, liver disease, or chronic kidney disease that may affect copper metabolism.
- Individuals with unexplained liver dysfunction, neurological symptoms, or psychiatric manifestations that could be copper-related.
- People taking medications or supplements that may interfere with copper absorption or metabolism, such as zinc supplements or chelating agents.
What to expect
Preparation
Fasting is usually not required for copper testing. Patients should be encouraged to discontinue nutritional supplements, vitamins, minerals, and nonessential over-the-counter medications upon the advice of their physician, as these may interfere with results.
Sample Type
Blood collection requires a royal blue tube (no additive), royal blue (K2EDTA), or royal blue (NaHep) to prevent copper contamination from standard collection tubes.
Collection
The phlebotomist will collect a blood sample from a vein in the arm using specialized trace element-free collection tubes. The serum must be separated from cells within 2 hours of collection and transferred to certified metal-free transport tubes.
Turnaround
Results are typically available within 1-3 business days after the laboratory receives the sample.
Understanding your results
Normal serum copper levels for adults typically fall between 70 and 175 mcg/dL, though reference ranges vary by laboratory and can differ between men and women. A result within the normal range generally indicates adequate copper absorption, metabolism, and dietary intake. Because ceruloplasmin levels heavily influence total serum copper, healthcare providers often interpret copper results alongside ceruloplasmin, liver function tests, and clinical symptoms. Conditions like Wilson disease (genetic copper overload) and Menkes disease (genetic copper deficiency) require specific diagnostic workups that go beyond a single serum copper measurement.
| Population | Reference Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Adults | 70-140 mcg/dL (11-22 micromol/L) | Standard reference range for healthy adults |
| Adult Females | 0.7-1.6 mcg/ml | Females may have slightly higher levels, especially during pregnancy |
| Pregnancy | 118-302 mcg/dL (18.5-47.4 micromol/L) | Levels can be elevated up to 3 times normal during third trimester |
Reference ranges may vary by laboratory and individual factors. Results should be interpreted by a healthcare provider in the context of your overall health.
What does a “Low” result mean?
Copper deficiency can lead to problems with connective tissue, muscle weakness, anemia, low white blood cell count, neurological problems, and paleness. Serum copper below the normal range is associated with Wilson disease, as well as a variety of other clinical situations. Serum copper may be reduced by use of corticosteroids and zinc and by malnutrition or malabsorption. Low levels can also occur with nephrotic syndrome or advanced liver disease.
What does a “High” result mean?
Serum copper may be elevated with infection, inflammation, stress, and copper supplementation. In females, elevated copper may also be caused by oral contraceptives and pregnancy. Serum copper is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis and a number of other pathologic entities. High levels may also indicate primary biliary cirrhosis, thyrotoxicosis, or certain malignancies. Rarely, elevated copper can result from excessive copper supplementation or exposure to copper-containing substances.
Privacy & confidentiality
Your copper test results are completely confidential and protected under HIPAA regulations. Results are not shared with your personal doctor unless you specifically request it, not added to your permanent medical records, and not reported to insurance companies or employers.
Frequently asked questions
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Last reviewed: April 2026
CPT Code: 82525
This test may not be available in: NY, NJ, RI
This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider regarding any health concerns. LevelPanel does not diagnose, treat, or prescribe.
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LevelPanel has no business or affiliate relationship with Quest or LabCorp. These links are provided as a public service.
Lab testing services linked from this site are not available to residents of Alaska, Arizona, or Hawaii, unless otherwise noted on the lab's own website.
This publication is not intended to solicit the purchase of laboratory testing from any individual consumer.
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